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Home / Who Organized ââåthe Family of Manã¢â❠Exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art

Who Organized ââåthe Family of Manã¢â❠Exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art

Coordinates: twoscore°45′41.8″North 73°58′39.4″Due west  /  forty.761611°N 73.977611°W  / xl.761611; -73.977611

Art museum in Manhattan, New York Urban center

Museum of Modern Art
Museum of Modern Art logo.svg
MoMa NY USA 1.jpg
Established November 7, 1929; 92 years agone  (1929-eleven-07)
Location 11 West 53rd Street
Manhattan, New York City
Blazon Art museum
Visitors 706,060 (2020)[ane]
Director Glenn D. Lowry
Public transit access Subway: Fifth Avenue/53rd Street ("E" train​"M" train trains)
Bus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M10, M20, M50, M104
Website www.moma.org

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street betwixt 5th and Sixth Avenues.

It plays a major part in developing and collecting mod art, and is ofttimes identified as one of the largest and most influential museums of modern fine art in the earth.[2] MoMA's collection offers an overview of modern and contemporary art, including works of architecture and design, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books and creative person's books, film, and electronic media.[3]

The MoMA Library includes approximately 300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, more than than 1,000 periodical titles, and more than 40,000 files of ephemera well-nigh individual artists and groups.[4] The archives hold primary source material related to the history of modern and contemporary art.[v]

Information technology attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drop of sixty-v percent from 2019, due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic. Information technology ranked 20-fifth on the list of most visited art museums in the globe in 2020.[6]

History [edit]

Heckscher and other buildings (1929–1939) [edit]

The idea for the Museum of Modern Art was adult in 1929 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (married woman of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.) and two of her friends, Lillie P. Elation and Mary Quinn Sullivan.[vii] They became known variously as "the Ladies" or "the adamantine ladies".[8] [ix] They rented small quarters for the new museum in the Heckscher Building at 730 Fifth Artery in Manhattan,[8] and it opened to the public on November 7, 1929, nine days after the Wall Street Crash.[10] Abby Rockefeller had invited A. Conger Goodyear, the erstwhile president of the board of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the fourth dimension, it was America's premier museum devoted exclusively to mod fine art, and the first of its kind in Manhattan to exhibit European modernism.[11] One of Rockefeller's early recruits for the museum staff was the noted Japanese-American lensman Soichi Sunami (at that time best known for his portraits of modern dance pioneer Martha Graham), who served the museum as its official documentary lensman from 1930 until 1968.[12] [thirteen]

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to bring together him as founding trustees. Sachs, the associate director and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Museum at Harvard University, was referred to in those days as a "collector of curators". Goodyear asked him to recommend a managing director and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr, Jr., a promising young protégé. Under Barr's guidance, the museum's holdings speedily expanded from an initial gift of eight prints and one drawing. Its showtime successful loan exhibition was in November 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, and Seurat.[14]

Start housed in six rooms of galleries and offices on the twelfth floor of Manhattan's Heckscher Building,[xv] on the corner of Fifth Artery and 57th Street, the museum moved into three more temporary locations within the adjacent 10 years. Abby Rockefeller'due south hubby, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was adamantly opposed to the museum (also as to mod art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to be obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. Withal, he eventually donated the land for the electric current site of the museum, plus other gifts over time, and thus became in consequence one of its greatest benefactors.[16]

During that time the museum initiated many more exhibitions of noted artists, such every bit the alone Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November 4, 1935. Containing an unprecedented 60-vi oils and fifty drawings from the Netherlands, every bit well as poignant excerpts from the creative person's letters, it was a major public success due to Barr'due south organisation of the showroom, and became "a precursor to the concord van Gogh has to this twenty-four hour period on the gimmicky imagination".[17]

53rd Street (1939–present) [edit]

1930s to 1950s [edit]

The museum also gained international prominence with the hugely successful and now famous Picasso retrospective of 1939–forty, held in conjunction with the Art Plant of Chicago. In its range of presented works, information technology represented a significant reinterpretation of Picasso for futurity art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded by Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso as the greatest artist of the time, setting the model for all the museum's retrospectives that were to follow.[eighteen] Boy Leading a Horse was briefly contested over ownership with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.[19] In 1941, MoMA hosted the ground-breaking exhibition, "Indian Art of the Usa" (curated by Frederic Huntington Douglas and Rene d'Harnoncourt), that changed the way Native American arts were viewed by the public and exhibited in fine art museums.

The entrance to The Museum of Modernistic Art

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected by the board of trustees to go its president, in 1939, at the age of 30; he was a flamboyant leader and became the prime instigator and funding source of MoMA'southward publicity, acquisitions, and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His brother, David Rockefeller, besides joined the museum'southward board of trustees, in 1948, and took over the presidency, when Nelson was elected Governor of New York, in 1958.

David later employed the noted architect Philip Johnson to redesign the museum garden and name it in laurels of his mother, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family unit in full general have retained a shut association with the museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the establishment since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (wife of former senator Jay Rockefeller) sit on the board of trustees.[ citation needed ] After the Rockefeller Invitee House at 242 East 52nd Street was completed in 1950, some MoMA functions were held in the firm until 1964.[twenty] [21]

In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Time-Life Building in Rockefeller Center. Its permanent and current home, now renovated, designed in the International Style by the modernist architects Philip L. Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone, opened to the public on May x, 1939, attended by an illustrious company of six,000 people, and with an opening address via radio from the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[22]

1958 fire [edit]

On April 15, 1958, a fire on the second floor destroyed an 18-foot (5.5 thousand) long Monet Water Lilies painting (the current Monet Water Lilies was acquired soon after the fire as a replacement). The fire started when workmen installing ac were smoking nigh paint cans, sawdust, and a sheet dropcloth. 1 worker was killed in the fire and several firefighters were treated for smoke inhalation. Most of the paintings on the floor had been moved for the construction although large paintings including the Monet were left. Art work on the 3rd and 4th floors were evacuated to the Whitney Museum of American Art, which abutted information technology on the 54th Street side. Amongst the paintings that were moved was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, which had been on loan past the Art Institute of Chicago. Visitors and employees above the fire were evacuated to the roof and and so jumped to the roof of an adjoining townhouse.[23]

1960–1982 [edit]

In 1969, the MoMA was at the centre of a controversy over its conclusion to withdraw funding from the iconic anti-war poster And babies. In 1969, the Fine art Workers Coalition (AWC), a group of New York City artists who opposed the Vietnam War, in collaboration with Museum of Modernistic Art members Arthur Drexler and Elizabeth Shaw, created an iconic protest poster chosen And babies.[24] The affiche uses an image by photojournalist Ronald L. Haeberle and references the My Lai Massacre. The Museum of Mod Art (MoMA) had promised to fund and circulate the poster, but after seeing the ii by 3 pes poster MoMA pulled financing for the project at the concluding minute.[25] [26] MoMA's Lath of Trustees included Nelson Rockefeller and William South. Paley (head of CBS), who reportedly "hit the ceiling" on seeing the proofs of the poster.[25] The poster was included presently thereafter in MoMA'southward Information exhibition of July ii to September xx, 1970, curated by Kynaston McShine.[27] Another controversy involved Pablo Picasso's painting Boy Leading a Horse (1905–06), donated to MoMA by William S. Paley in 1964. The status of the work as being sold nether duress by its High german Jewish owners in the 1930s was in dispute. The descendants of the original owners sued MoMA and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, which has another Picasso painting, Le Moulin de la Galette (1900), once owned past the same family, for return of the works.[28] Both museums reached a confidential settlement with the descendants earlier the case went to trial and retained their respective paintings.[19] [29] [thirty] Both museums had claimed from the outset to be the proper owners of these paintings, and that the claims were illegitimate. In a joint argument the two museums wrote: "we settled merely to avert the costs of prolonged litigation, and to ensure the public continues to have access to these important paintings."[31]

1980–1999 [edit]

Stairs in the Museum of Modern Art

Cross-section of the Museum of Modern Art

In 1983, the Museum more than than doubled its gallery and increased curatorial department by 30 percent, and added an auditorium, ii restaurants and a bookstore in conjunction with the construction of the 56-story Museum Tower adjoining the museum.[32]

In 1997, the museum undertook a major renovation and expansion designed by Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi with Kohn Pedersen Play tricks. The project, including an increase in MoMA's endowment to encompass operating expenses, cost $858 million in total. The project virtually doubled the space for MoMA'due south exhibitions and programs and features 630,000 square feet (59,000 m2) of space. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Building on the western portion of the site houses the master exhibition galleries, and The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Education and Research Building provides infinite for classrooms, auditoriums, teacher training workshops, and the museum'due south expanded Library and Athenaeum. These two buildings frame the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, which was enlarged from its original configuration.

21st century [edit]

The museum was closed for two years in connectedness with the renovation and moved its public-facing operations to a temporary facility chosen MoMA QNS in Long Island City, Queens. When MoMA reopened in 2004, the renovation was controversial. Some critics thought that Taniguchi's design was a fine case of gimmicky compages, while many others were displeased with aspects of the pattern, such equally the flow of the space.[33] [34] [35] In 2005, the museum sold state that information technology owned west of its existing building to Hines, a Texas existent manor developer, under an agreement that reserved space on the lower levels of the building Hines planned to construct at that place for a MoMA expansion.[36]

In 2011, MoMA acquired an adjacent edifice constructed and occupied by the American Folk Art Museum on Due west 53rd Street. The building was a well-regarded structure designed past Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects and was sold in connection with a financial restructuring of the Folk Art Museum.[37] When MoMA announced that it would annihilate the edifice in connection with its expansion, there was outcry and considerable discussion about the consequence, but the museum ultimately proceeded with its original plans.[38]

The Hines building, designed past Jean Nouvel and chosen 53W53, received construction approval in 2014.[39] Around the time of Hines' construction approving, MoMA unveiled its expansion plans, which comprehend space in 53W53, as well every bit construction on the onetime site of the American Folk Art Museum.[40] The expansion plan was adult by the architecture firm Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with Gensler. The first stage of construction began in 2014. In June 2017, patrons and the public were welcomed into MoMA to see the completion of the showtime phase of the $450 one thousand thousand expansion to the museum.[41]

Spread over three floors of the art mecca off 5th Avenue are xv,000 square-feet (about i,400 square-meters) of reconfigured galleries, a new, second souvenir shop, a redesigned buffet and espresso bar and, facing the sculpture garden, two lounges graced with blackness marble quarried in French republic.[41]

The museum expansion project increased the publicly accessibly space past 25% compared to when the Tanaguchi edifice was completed in 2004.[42] The expansion immune for even more of the museum'south collection of nearly 200,000 works to exist displayed.[41] The new spaces also let visitors to enjoy a relaxing sit-down in one of the two new lounges, or even have a fully catered repast.[41] The two new lounges include "The Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin Lounge" and "The Daniel and Jane Och Lounge".[41] [43] The goal of this renovation is to help aggrandize the drove and brandish of work by women, Latinos, blacks, Asians, and other marginalized communities.[44] In connection with the renovation, MoMA shifted its approach to presenting its holdings, moving away from separating the collection by disciplines such as painting, design and works on paper toward an integrated chronological presentation that encompasses all areas of the collection.[42]

The Museum of Modern Fine art airtight for another round of major renovations from June to October 2019.[44] [45] Upon reopening on October 21, 2019, MoMA added 47,000 foursquare feet (4,400 m2) of gallery infinite,[46] and its total floor expanse was 708,000 square feet (65,800 grand2).[47] The expansion and refurbishment was overseen by the architectural firm of Diller Scofidio + Renfro.[48] The institution began offering free online classes in April 2014.[49]

Exhibition houses [edit]

The MoMA occasionally has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which have reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

  • 1949: exhibition house by Marcel Breuer
  • 1950: exhibition business firm past Gregory Ain[50]
  • 1955: Japanese Exhibition Business firm by Junzo Yoshimura, reinstalled in Philadelphia, PA in 1957–58 and known at present as Shofuso Japanese Business firm and Garden
  • 2008: Prefabricated houses planned[51] [52] [53] by:
    • Kieran Timberlake Architects
    • Lawrence Sass
    • System Architects: Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas Gauthier
    • Leo Kaufmann Architects
    • Richard Horden

Artworks [edit]

Claude Monet, Reflections of Clouds on the Water-Lily Swimming, c.1920

Considered by many to take the best collection of modernistic Western masterpieces in the world, MoMA'southward holdings include more than 150,000 individual pieces in add-on to approximately 22,000 films and 4 million film stills. (Access to the drove of film stills ended in 2002, and the collection is mothballed in a vault in Hamlin, Pennsylvania.[54]) The collection houses such important and familiar works as the following:

  • Francis Bacon, Painting (1946)
  • Umberto Boccioni, The Metropolis Rises
  • Paul Cézanne, The Bather
  • Marc Chagall, I and the Hamlet
  • Giorgio de Chirico, The Song of Love
  • Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory
  • Max Ernst, Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale
  • Paul Gauguin, Te aa no areois (The Seed of the Areoi)
  • Albert Gleizes, Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, 1914
  • Jasper Johns, Flag
  • Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait With Cropped Pilus
  • Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl
  • René Magritte, The Empire of Lights
  • René Magritte, False Mirror
  • Kazimir Malevich, White on White 1918
  • Henri Matisse, The Trip the light fantastic toe
  • Jean Metzinger, Mural, 1912–1914
  • Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie-Woogie
  • Claude Monet, Water Lilies triptych
  • Barnett Newman, Broken Obelisk
  • Barnett Newman, Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Homo, Heroic and Sublime)
  • Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
  • Jackson Pollock, 1: Number 31, 1950
  • Henri Rousseau, The Dream, 1910
  • Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy
  • Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Nighttime
  • Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans
  • Andrew Wyeth, Christina's World

Selected collection highlights [edit]

Information technology also holds works by a wide range of influential European and American artists including Auguste Rodin, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miró, Aristide Maillol, Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, Paul Klee, Fernand Léger, René Magritte, Henry Moore, Alberto Giacometti, Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Hopper, Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arshile Gorky, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, David Smith, Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and hundreds of others.

MoMA adult a world-renowned fine art photography collection starting time under Edward Steichen (1947–1961) and then nether Steichen'south paw-picked successor John Szarkowski (1962–1991), which included photos past Todd Webb.[55] The department was founded by Beaumont Newhall in 1940.[56] Under Szarkowski, it focused on a more traditionally modernist arroyo to the medium, one that emphasized documentary images and orthodox darkroom techniques.

Film [edit]

In 1932, museum founder Alfred Barr stressed the importance of introducing "the just nifty art grade peculiar to the twentieth century" to "the American public which should capeesh good films and support them". Museum Trustee and film producer John Hay Whitney became the first chairman of the Museum's Film Library from 1935 to 1951. The collection Whitney assembled with the help of film curator Iris Barry was so successful that in 1937 the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences commended the Museum with an award "for its meaning piece of work in collecting films ... and for the first time making available to the public the ways of studying the historical and aesthetic development of the movement motion-picture show as one of the major arts".[57]

The start curator and founder of the Film Library was Iris Barry, a British moving-picture show critic and author, whose three decades of pioneering piece of work in collecting films and presenting them in coherent artistic and historical contexts gained recognition for the cinema equally the major new art form of our century. Barry and her successors accept congenital a collection comprising some eight one thousand titles today, concentrating on assembling an outstanding collection of the important works of international film fine art, with accent beingness placed on obtaining the highest-quality materials.[58]

The exiled film scholar Siegfried Kracauer worked at the MoMA movie archive on a psychological history of German flick between 1941 and 1943. The issue of his report, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Motion-picture show (1947), traces the birth of Nazism from the cinema of the Weimar Commonwealth and helped lay the foundation of modernistic flick criticism.

Under the Museum of Modern Art Section of Film, the film drove includes more than 25,000 titles and ranks as i of the world'due south finest museum archives of international motion picture fine art. The department owns prints of many familiar characteristic-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo, but its holdings also contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol'southward eight-hour Empire, Fred Halsted'southward gay pornographic Fifty.A. Plays Itself (screened earlier a capacity audience on April 23, 1974), various Goggle box commercials, and Chris Cunningham's music video for Björk's All Is Full of Love.

Library [edit]

The MoMA library is located in Midtown Manhattan, with offsite storage in Long Island City, Queens. The non-circulating collection documents modern and contemporary fine art including painting, sculpture, prints, photography, film, performance, and architecture from 1880–present. The collection includes 300,000 books, 1,000 periodicals, and xl,000 files most artists and artistic groups. There are over 11,000 creative person books in the collection.[59] The libraries are open past date to all researchers. The library's itemize is chosen "Dadabase".[iv] Dadabase includes records for all of the material in the library, including books, artist books, exhibition catalogs, special collections materials, and electronic resources.[4] The Museum of Modern Art'due south collection of artist books includes works by Ed Ruscha, Marcel Broodthaers, Susan Bee, Carl Andre, and David Horvitz.[60]

Additionally, the library has subscription electronic resources forth with Dadabase. These include journal databases (such as JSTOR and Fine art Full Text), auction results indexes (ArtFact and Artnet), the ARTstor image database, and WorldCat union itemize.[59]

Architecture and design [edit]

MoMA'south Department of Architecture and Design was founded in 1932[61] as the first museum department in the globe dedicated to the intersection of architecture and blueprint.[62] The department's get-go manager was Philip Johnson who served as curator between 1932–34 and 1946–54.[63] The side by side departmental caput was Arthur Drexler, who was curator from 1951 to 1956 then served every bit head until 1986.[64]

The collection consists of 28,000 works including architectural models, drawings and photographs.[61] Ane of the highlights of the collection is the Mies van der Rohe Archive.[62] Information technology also includes works from such legendary architects and designers as Frank Lloyd Wright,[65] [66] [67] [68] Paul László, the Eameses, Betty Cooke, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson. The design collection contains many industrial and manufactured pieces, ranging from a self-aligning ball bearing to an entire Bell 47D1 helicopter. In 2012, the department acquired a selection of 14 video games, the ground of an intended collection of 40 that is to range from Pac-Man (1980) to Minecraft (2011).[69]

Management [edit]

Attendance [edit]

MoMA attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a driblet of sixty-five per centum from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked twenty-fifth on the List of most visited art museums in the world in 2020.[6]

MoMA has seen its average number of visitors rise from about one.5 million a year to 2.5 million after its new granite and glass renovation. In 2009, the museum reported 119,000 members and 2.8 one thousand thousand visitors over the previous financial year. MoMA attracted its highest-e'er number of visitors, three.09 meg, during its 2010 fiscal twelvemonth;[lxx] all the same, attendance dropped 11 percent to two.8 million in 2011.[71] Omnipresence in 2016 was 2.8 million, down from 3.1 one thousand thousand in 2015.[72]

The museum was open every day since its founding in 1929, until 1975, when it airtight i day a calendar week (originally Wednesdays) to reduce operating expenses. In 2012, it again opened every twenty-four hours, including Tuesday, the one day it has traditionally been closed.[73]

Admission [edit]

The Museum of Modern Art charges an admission fee of $25 per adult.[74] Upon MoMA's reopening, its admission cost increased from $12 to $xx, making it ane of the most expensive museums in the city. Nonetheless, information technology has complimentary entry on Fridays afterwards 5:30pm, as role of the Uniqlo Gratis Friday Nights program. Many New York area higher students also receive gratuitous admission to the museum.[75]

Finances [edit]

A private non-profit organization, MoMA is the seventh-largest U.S. museum by budget;[76] its annual acquirement is about $145 million (none of which is profit). In 2011, the museum reported net assets (basically, a total of all the resources it has on its books, except the value of the art) of just over $1 billion.

Different most museums, the museum eschews regime funding, instead subsisting on a fragmented budget with a vi different sources of income, none larger than a fifth.[77] Before the economic crisis of late 2008, the MoMA's board of trustees decided to sell its equities in gild to move into an all-greenbacks position. An $858 million upper-case letter campaign funded the 2002–04 expansion, with David Rockefeller donating $77 one thousand thousand in cash.[76] In 2005, Rockefeller pledged an additional $100 million toward the museum's endowment.[78] In 2011, Moody'southward Investors Service, a bond rating agency, rated $57 million worth of new debt in 2010 with a positive outlook and echoed their Aa2 bond credit rating for the underlying institution. The agency noted that MoMA has "superior financial flexibility with over $332 million of unrestricted financial resources", and has had solid attendance and tape sales at its retail outlets around the city and online. Some of the challenges that Moody's noted were the reliance that the museum has on the tourist industry in New York for its operating revenue, and a big amount of debt. The museum at the time had a 2.4 debt-to-operating revenues ratio, but information technology was also noted that MoMA intended to retire $370 million worth of debt in the next few years. Standard & Poor's raised its long-term rating for the museum every bit it benefited from the fundraising of its trustees.[79] Subsequently construction expenses for the new galleries are covered, the Modern estimates that some $65 meg will go to its $650 million endowment.

MoMA spent $32 million to larn art for the fiscal year ending in June 2012.[80]

MoMA employed about 815 people in 2007.[77] The museum's tax filings from the by few years propose a shift among the highest paid employees from curatorial staff to management.[81] The museum's director Glenn D. Lowry earned $1.6 one thousand thousand in 2009[82] and lives in a rent-free $half dozen meg apartment to a higher place the museum.[83]

MoMA was forced to close in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York Metropolis.[84] Citing the coronavirus shutdown, MoMA fired its fine art educators in April 2020.[85] In May 2020, it was reported that MoMA would reduce its annual upkeep from $180 to $135 million starting July 1. Exhibition and publication funding was cutting by half, and staff reduced from around 960 to 800.[84]

Fundamental people [edit]

Officers and the board of trustees [edit]

Currently, the board of trustees includes 46 trustees and xv life trustees. Even including the board's 14 "honorary" trustees, who practise not take voting rights and do not play equally direct a role in the museum, this amounts to an average individual contribution of more than $7 million.[81] The Founders Wall was created in 2004, when MoMA's expansion was completed, and features the names of actual founders in improver to those who gave significant gifts; virtually a half-dozen names have been added since 2004. For instance, Ileana Sonnabend's proper noun was added in 2012, fifty-fifty though she was only 15 when the museum was established in 1929.[86]

Lath of trustees [edit]

Board of trustees:

  • Wallis Annenberg
  • Sid R. Bass
  • Lawrence B. Benenson
  • Leon D. Blackness
  • Clarissa Alcock Bronfman
  • Patricia Phelps de Cisneros
  • Edith Cooper
  • Paula Crown
  • David Dechman
  • Anne Dias-Griffin
  • Glenn Dubin
  • John Elkann
  • Laurence D. Fink
  • Kathleen Fuld
  • Howard Gardner
  • Mimi Haas
  • Alexandra A. Herzan
  • Marlene Hess
  • Jill Kraus
  • Marie-Josée Kravis
  • Ronald South. Lauder
  • Thomas H. Lee
  • Michael Lynne
  • Khalil Gibran Muhammad
  • Philip S. Niarchos
  • James G. Niven
  • Peter Norton
  • Maja Oeri
  • Michael Due south. Ovitz
  • David Rockefeller Jr.
  • Sharon Percy Rockefeller
  • Richard Eastward. Salomon
  • Marcus Samuelsson
  • Anna Marie Shapiro
  • Anna Deavere Smith
  • Jerry I. Speyer
  • Ricardo Steinbruch
  • Daniel Sundheim
  • Alice M. Tisch
  • Edgar Wachenheim III
  • Gary Winnick

Directors [edit]

  • Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (1929–1943)
  • No director (1943–1949; the job was handled past the chairman of the museum'south coordination commission and the director of the Curatorial Section)[87] [88]
  • Rene d'Harnoncourt (1949–1968)
  • Bates Lowry (1968–1969)
  • John Brantley Hightower (1970–1972)
  • Richard Oldenburg (1972–1995)
  • Glenn D. Lowry (1995–present)

Chief curators [edit]

  • Philip Johnson, main curator of architecture and design (1932–1934 and 1946–1954)
  • Arthur Drexler, chief curator of architecture and design (1951–1956)
  • Peter Galassi, chief curator of photography (1991–2011)[56] [89]
  • Cornelia Butler, chief curator of drawings (2006–2013)
  • Barry Bergdoll, chief curator of architecture and design (2007–2013)
  • Rajendra Roy, chief curator of film (2007–present)
  • Ann Temkin, chief curator of painting and sculpture (2008–nowadays)[90]
  • Klaus Biesenbach, director of MoMA PS1 and chief curator at big (2009–2018)
  • Sabine Breitwieser, master curator of media and performance fine art (2010–2013)
  • Christophe Cherix, chief curator of prints and illustrated books (2010–2013), drawings and prints (2013–present)
  • Paola Antonelli, director of inquiry and evolution and senior curator of architecture and design (2012–present)
  • Quentin Bajac, chief curator of photography (2012–2018)
  • Stuart Comer, chief curator of media and functioning art (2014–present)
  • Martino Stierli, chief curator of compages and pattern (2015–present)

Controversy [edit]

Women Artists Visibility Issue (W.A.Five.E.) [edit]

On June 14, 1984 the Women Artists Visibility Event (Due west.A.V.Due east.), a sit-in of 400 women artists, was held in front of the newly renovated Museum of Modern Art to protestation the lack of female representation in its opening exhibition, "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture". The exhibition featured 165 artists; only 14 of which those were women.[91] [92]

Fine art repatriation issues [edit]

The MoMA has been involved in several claims initiated by families for artworks lost in the Holocaust which ended up in the collection of the Museum of Modernistic Fine art.[93]

In 2009, the heirs of German artist George Grosz filed a lawsuit seeking restitution of three works by Grosz, and the heirs of Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy filed a lawsuit demanding the return of the painting by Pablo Picasso, entitled Male child Leading a Equus caballus (1905–1906).[94] [95] [96]

In another case, afterwards a decade long court fight, in 2015 the MoMA returned a painting entitled Sand Hills by High german creative person Ernst Ludwig Kirchner to the Fischer family because it had been stolen past Nazis.[97]

Strike MoMA [edit]

Strike MoMA is a 2021 movement to strike the museum targeting what its supporters have called the "toxic philanthropy" of the museum's leadership.[98] [99]

See besides [edit]

  • List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
  • List of almost-visited museums in the United States
  • Dorothy Canning Miller
  • Sam Hunter
  • Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
  • Talk to Me (exhibition)
  • The Family of Man exhibit (1955)
  • WikiProject MoMA

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ The Art Newspaper, Listing of about-visited museums in 2020, March 31, 2021
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Sources [edit]

  • Allan, Kenneth R. "Understanding Data", in Conceptual Art: Theory, Myth, and Practice. Ed. Michael Corris. Cambridge: Cambridge Academy Press, 2004. pp. 144–168.
  • Barr, Alfred H; Sandler, Irving; Newman, Amy (January ane, 1986). Defining modern art: selected writings of Alfred H. Barr, Jr . New York: Abrams. ISBN0810907151.
  • Bee, Harriet S. and Michelle Elligott. Art in Our Time. A Chronicle of the Museum of Modern Art, New York 2004, ISBN 0-87070-001-4.
  • Fitzgerald, Michael C. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.
  • Geiger, Stephan. The Art of Assemblage. The Museum of Modern Art, 1961. Die neue Realität der Kunst in den frühen sechziger Jahren, (Diss. Academy Bonn 2005), München 2008, ISBN 978-3-88960-098-1.
  • Harr, John Ensor and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: 3 Generations of America'due south Greatest Family. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.
  • Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family unit. New York: Random House, 1993.
  • Lynes, Russell, Adept Old Modern: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Modern Art, New York: Archives, 1973.
  • Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908–1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
  • Rockefeller, David (2003). Memoirs. New York: Random Firm. ISBN978-0812969733.
  • Schulze, Franz (June xv, 1996). Philip Johnson: Life and Work. Chicago: University Of Chicago Printing. ISBN978-0226740584.
  • Staniszewski, Mary Anne (1998). The Ability of Display. A History of Exhibition Installations at the Museum of Modern Art. MIT Press. ISBN978-0262194020.
  • Wilson, Kristina (2009). The Modern Centre: Stieglitz, MoMA, and the Art of the Exhibition, 1925–1934. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0300149166.
  • Lowry, Glenn D. (2009). The Museum of Modern Art in this Century. Museum of Modern Art. ISBN978-0870707643.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • MoMA Exhibition History List (1929–Present)
  • MoMA Audio
  • MoMA's YouTube Channel
  • MoMA's gratuitous online courses on Coursera
  • MoMA Learning
  • MoMA Magazine
  • Jeffers, Wendy (November 2004). "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Patron of the modern". Magazine Antiques. 166 (55): 118. 14873617. Archived from the original on Feb half dozen, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
  • " MoMA to Close, Then Open up Doors to a More Expansive View of Art" New York Times, 2019

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art